Knowledge Base

1. Retrieve your server's IP and root password from the Client Portal email or dashboard.
2. On Linux/Mac: Open Terminal. On Windows: Use PuTTY or PowerShell.
3. Run: ssh root@your-server-ip
4. Enter the root password when prompted (it won't show as you type).
5. Immediately change the password: passwd
6. For enhanced security, set up SSH key authentication: ssh-keygen on your local machine, then ssh-copy-id root@your-server-ip.

Tip: Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config to disable password auth and restart SSH: systemctl restart ssh.

1. Log into the Client Portal.
2. Navigate to "My Services" and select your VPS.
3. Click "Reinstall OS" in the management panel.
4. Choose from pre-built images: Ubuntu 22.04, Debian 12, CentOS Stream, AlmaLinux, or upload a custom ISO.
5. Confirm the action; the process takes 5-10 minutes.
6. Once complete, new root credentials will be emailed. Reconnect via SSH.

Warning: This wipes all data—create a snapshot first!

1. Log into the Client Portal.
2. Go to "My Services" and select your VPS.
3. In the "Actions" dropdown, select "Reset Root Password".
4. Confirm the request; a new secure password is generated and emailed within 1 minute.
5. Use the new password to SSH in and update it further if needed: passwd.

Security Note: Enable two-factor authentication (2FA) in your portal account for added protection.

1. Log into the Client Portal.
2. Select your VPS under "My Services".
3. Navigate to "Firewall" tab in the service dashboard.
4. Toggle "Upstream Filtering" on to enable SeattleNAP's DDoS mitigation and rule sets.
5. Add rules: Allow/Block IPs, ports (e.g., allow 22 for SSH, 80/443 for web), or protocols.
6. Save and apply—changes propagate in under 30 seconds with no reboot required.

Pro Tip: Combine with server-side UFW for layered defense. Monitor hits in the portal logs.

1. Update packages: apt update
2. Install UFW: apt install ufw
3. Allow essential ports: ufw allow OpenSSH and ufw allow 80,443/tcp
4. Set default policies: ufw default deny incoming and ufw default allow outgoing
5. Enable: ufw enable
6. Verify: ufw status verbose

For CentOS: Use firewalld instead: firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http and firewall-cmd --reload.

1. Edit config: nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config—set PermitRootLogin no, PasswordAuthentication no, PubkeyAuthentication yes.
2. Create non-root user: adduser secureuser and usermod -aG sudo secureuser.
3. Copy SSH key: From local, ssh-copy-id secureuser@your-server-ip.
4. Install Fail2Ban: apt install fail2ban and configure jail for SSH.
5. Restart: systemctl restart ssh.
6. Test login with new user and key.

1. Update: apt update && apt upgrade
2. Install Apache: apt install apache2 and systemctl enable --now apache2
3. Install MySQL: apt install mysql-server, secure it: mysql_secure_installation
4. Install PHP: apt install php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql
5. Restart Apache: systemctl restart apache2
6. Test: Create /var/www/html/info.php with <?php phpinfo(); ?> and visit http://your-ip/info.php.

Security: Remove info.php after testing. Use MariaDB for MySQL alternative.

1. Update: apt update
2. Install: apt install nginx
3. Start: systemctl enable --now nginx
4. Configure site: Edit /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
5. Test config: nginx -t then systemctl reload nginx
6. Access: Visit your IP in a browser to see the welcome page.

1. In Client Portal, go to VPS dashboard > "Backups".
2. Enable automated daily/weekly snapshots (retain up to 7).
3. Create manual: Click "Snapshot Now".
4. Restore: Select snapshot > "Rollback" (causes brief downtime).
5. CLI alternative: virsh snapshot-create-as your-vm daily-backup for KVM.

Best Practice: Offload critical data to external storage like S3-compatible services.

1. Prerequisites: Ubuntu/Debian VPS, Go 1.18+, Git, NKN wallet address for rewards.
2. Install Go: apt update && apt install golang-go
3. Clone repo: git clone https://github.com/nknorg/tuna.git && cd tuna
4. Build: make (creates tuna binary)
5. Copy configs: cp config.entry.json.example config.entry.json && cp config.exit.json.example config.exit.json && cp services.json.example services.json
6. Edit services.json for services (e.g., HTTP proxy on port 30080 with AES-GCM encryption):

7. [
     {
       "name": "httpproxy",
       "tcp": [30080],
       "encryption": "aes-gcm"
     }
   ]

8. For Exit Mode (earn rewards): Edit config.exit.json—set beneficiaryAddr to your NKN wallet, listenTCP: ["0.0.0.0:30080"], services: ["httpproxy"].
9. Run: ./tuna -b=YOUR_NKN_WALLET exit
10. For Entry/Reverse Mode: Set reverse: true in config and run ./tuna -b=YOUR_NKN_WALLET entry --reverse.
11. Firewall: Open ports (e.g., ufw allow 30080).
12. Monitor: Check logs for connections; rewards accrue via NKN blockchain.

Note: Ensure port forwarding if behind NAT. View full docs at GitHub. Earnings ~0.0002 NKN/MB traffic.

1. Install dependencies: apt install curl wget
2. Download latest binary: wget https://github.com/nkn-org/nkn/releases/download/vX.X.X/nkn-commercial-linux-amd64 (check latest version).
3. Make executable: chmod +x nkn-commercial
4. Create wallet: ./nkn-commercial wallet -c (save seed securely).
5. Edit config.json: Set beneficiary to your wallet, miningPublicKey.
6. Run: ./nkn-commercial
7. Open port 30001-30005 TCP/UDP in firewall and portal upstream rules.
8. Monitor: Use ./nkn-commercial info for status.

Tip: For NKN node monitoring, visit nBlock.net.

1. Install monitoring: apt install htop
2. Run: htop—sort by CPU/RAM.
3. Kill process: kill -9 PID for rogue apps.
4. Check logs: journalctl -xe or dmesg.
5. Upgrade resources via portal if sustained high load.

1. Test ping: ping -c 4 8.8.8.8
2. Traceroute: mtr google.com (install if needed: apt install mtr).
3. Check local firewall: ufw status
4. Verify upstream: In portal "Firewall" tab, ensure no blocks.
5. Reboot VPS via portal; use Looking Glass for external tests.